Effects of Team Structure on Innovation Performance： An Empirical Study

Teamwork is gaining increasing attention in a broader management research. In addition to previous research on the relationship between team structure and innovation performance, this study draws from an interesting experience-based theory advanced by Kelley and Littman （2005）, which examines teams from design thinking perspective, and tests its contributions and effects on team＇s innovation performance. According to Kelley and Littman any team should include the following team roles： The anthropologist, the experimenter, the cross-pollinator, the hurdler, the collaborator, the director, the experience architect, the set designer, the storyteller, and the caregiver. We develop theoretical logics to explain how team structure that includes these key team roles and competences lead to a better innovation performance, and propose pertinent hypotheses. Experimental-empirical research and quantitative analysis were used in the study. The study conducted multiple experiments on three samples： a group of foreign entrepreneurship students, a group of technical students, and an additional group of randomly selected individuals, aged between 20 and 58, with diverse backgrounds. A special approach was implemented and a new instrument was developed to evaluate individuals in teams. While the results show that team that possess the major competences proposed by Kelley and Littman are more innovative, preliminary results also show that not all team roles are equally important. Moreover, team roles should be allocated equally among members for better collaboration, member satisfaction, and quick response, and within one team, one prevailing personality is optimal in terms of innovativeness. We discuss the implications of our findings for future research and managerial practice.     

Site competence dynamics in international manufacturing networks: instrument development and a test in Eastern European factories

The objective of this paper is to introduce an instrument that enables the measurement of dynamics in the roles of factories in international networks. Starting from Ferdows’ framework on strategic factory roles, a clear definition and more precise operationalization of ‘site competence’ is provided. Our proposed instrument is tested in a context, being the Eastern European factories of Dutch multinationals, where it is plausible to expect changes in the strategic factory roles over time. This test comprises four exploratory case studies that provide the basis for future, more extensive empirical work. At the same time, they contribute to the under-researched area of company and industry case studies with respect to the international context of operations management.     

为结婚而创业？男女性别比例失衡对创业决策的影响

基于繁殖竞争视角,利用1996-2014年《中国统计年鉴》和2011年《中国家庭金融调查》数据,从宏观和微观层面实证考察男女性别比例失衡与创业决策的关系,并在此基础上,着重研究男女性别比例失衡对四类不同人群创业决策的影响。研究结果表明,男女性别比例失衡与创业决策显著正相关,但它仅与未婚男性人群创业决策显著正相关,而与未婚女性／已婚男性／已婚女性人群创业决策均不相关。结果为人类经济行为和结果提供新见解,证明了某些生物属性可能会对人类经济行为（如创业）产生影响。但是,为解决就业问题和实现经济增长目的,政府不应有意操纵男女性别比例失衡以促使人们选择创业,而应为未婚男性人群制定个性化创业扶植政策等。     

Ritual legitimation, de-coupling and the budgetary process: managing organizational hypocrisies in a multinational company

The study of participation in the budgetary cycle has formed a prominent part of the research literature concerned with the budgetary process. More recently there has emerged a body of literature concerned with exploring the political and symbolic nature of the budgetary process. The paper reports upon the outcomes of an empirical study of the introduction of `budgetary participation' in a division of a European subsidiary of a large North American car manufacturer. We detail the long process of consultation and negotiation within the subsidiary, and between it and the European Headquarters. The study provides a revealing instance of the roles of formal budget participation as a ritual of control and legitimation without the substantive involvement of middle managers and suggested to us the introduction of de-coupling and organizational hypocrisy alongside the introduction of budget participation. The study pays close attention to the contingent effects of the wider political context of the division and the relationships between the division, its organizational context and organizational environment, and how this context played upon the budgetary process in the division. The outcomes that we analyse at `Delta' reflect the de-coupling strategies and organizational hypocrisies commonly found in public sector organizations. In this wider setting the corporation persists with the ritual of `tight' budget negotiation and target setting and apparent underachievement in performance. Yet we conclude that the complex technological and political context to the formation and siting of Delta continued and may continue to support its existence.$g0     

农户乡村旅游从业角色选择意愿及其影响因素分析

农户参与乡村旅游经营活动的意愿及从业角色选择是农户基于利益最大化做出的理性经济决策行为,了解脱贫地区农户的乡村旅游从业角色参与意愿及其影响因素,是新时期巩固旅游扶贫成果,促进乡村旅游高质量发展、精准助力乡村振兴分类推进的重要议题。以贵州省茶园村为例,采用二元Logistic回归分析方法,从农户微观视角进行实证分析,发现：（1）81.98%的农户希望参与乡村旅游经营活动,村域旅游资源禀赋、旅游能人带动和家庭经济实力是影响农户参与意愿的关键因素。（2）农户从业角色选择意愿强烈程度依次为农家乐经营者（41.75%）>被雇佣者（35.71%）>其他配套产业生产者（20.88%）>经营投资者（4.95%）;（3）各从业角色选择意愿的影响因素差异显著,其中,资源禀赋是农家乐经营和其他配套产业从业角色选择的先决条件;家庭经济实力是农家乐经营和景区投资等经营角色选择的重要驱动力;乡村旅游服务岗位从业选择存在明显的就业路径依赖特性;而能人带动的作用出现分化,一方面对带动农户选择旅游服务就业具有积极作用,另一方面因竞争关系,对农户开展农家乐经营意愿具有一定抑制作用。     

Gender Inequality,Endogenous Cultural Norms,and Economic Development

In this paper, I explore the joint dynamics between gender inequality and cultural norms along the process of development. Cultural norms regarding gender roles are shaped by the relative female labor supply, and thus depend on the gender gap in education. In turn, these norms influence the relative education provided to boys and girls. I show that this two‐way causality between the inegalitarian nature of norms and the educational gender gap might explain the emergence of high gender inequality and low development traps. The model also makes it possible to replicate a U‐shaped relationship between the relative status of women and the economic development.     

Market Instability in a Stackelberg Duopoly

m -period duopoly model with inventory costs, where each firm chooses when to produce. We find that, in contrast to most existing works concerning endogenous roles of the firms, no pure strategy equilibrium exists when m is strictly larger than two. This result indicates that no stable pattern of allocation of roles exists except for a two-period model; thus the leader-follower relationship inevitably becomes instable. Received August 1, 2000; revised version received July 20, 2001     

Tour guide performances as sight sacralization

According to sociologist Dean MacCannell, sights are transformed into tourist attractions through five stages of “sight sacralization”: naming, framing and elevation, enshrinement, mechanical reproduction, and social reproduction. This paper hypothesizes that these stages of sight sacralization should have spoken correlates in the performances of tour guides. Through an ethnographic analysis of tour performances at the Lindheimer Home, this study shows how spoken correlates of these stages ritually transform an unimposing cottage into a valued cultural sight. The enshrinement stage, more than any other, has the potential to accomplish a ritual transformation of liminoid tourists into a state of communitas with the hostess and tour sight. The only sacralization stage without spoken correlates is mechanical reproduction. Yet the printed brochure serves as an analogue to tour performances. The paper suggests ideas for future studies of tour guide sacralization based on an examination of the structural oppositions and symbolic inversions which define types of tour performances.     

谈大学生英语自主学习能力的培养

21世纪的大学英语课程改革的重要目标之一就是培养大学生的英语自主学习能力。本文以培养学生自主学习能力的必要性为出发点,通过分析大学生英语教学中出现的问题,从课程体系改革和教师角色的转变两方面阐述了作者对培养学生自主学习能力的看法。     

语旨:人际功能的体现

语旨是指交际活动所设计的人及他们之间的社会地位关系,体现人际功能,在词汇语法层上,体现在语气、情感系统及表达态度意义的词汇的不同选择上。小说《傲慢与偏见》片断中人物之间对话的语气、情态和词汇选择,揭示了会话双方之间的社会地位和社会角色关系。